Effective Leadership - 2729 Words

Effective Leaders Abstract Leadership is the process of using power and influence to navigate followers to achieve a specific goal. The purpose of this paper is to explain that effective leaders must hone specific traits that are indispensable for managing organizations successfully. This paper explores the techniques, approaches, and practices that make leaders powerful, influential and efficient. Additionally, to help define effective leadership, a case study is analyzed based on personal experience of cooperating with a district supervisor who employs effective leadership strategies. While analyzing the leader’s behavioral patterns and implemented strategies, it†¦show more content†¦Power is used to influence its’ followers reach optimal job performance and increase productivity (Colquitt, Lepine Wesson 2013). According to Malos, supervisors must understand how use the influence of power to wield the direction of employees to meet the goals of the company (Malos 2011). Moreover, an executive’s decisions should be clear and organized when utilizing their authority. It allows employees to perform their jobs better because the directives are clear. Woiceshyn explains, a study called Neuro-Cognitive that discusses the relationship between the â€Å"conscious, reasoning mind of the manager, and (subconscious) intuition of a subordinate† (Woiceshyn, 2011, p. 315). The manager is the example of the conscious mind, which is in charge of acquiring knowledge and therefore stores and retrieves information. They then delegate it to subordinates, which are the (subconscious-mind) intuition. If, the manager is unorganized and fails to give proper instructions, it will make the decision- making difficult. However, on the other hand, if the supervisor is logically organized, the subordinates will collect and retrieve knowledge more effectively. How effectively a manger delegates his/her decisions, will ultimately affect employee’s job perfo rmances; thus leadership should be clear and organized. (Woiceshyn 2011). Moreover, in dynamic environments, leaders should be unwavering in the midst of a crisis. If an administrator does not have the emotionalShow MoreRelatedLeadership : Effective And Effective Leadership848 Words   |  4 PagesFollowership Effective followership is an essential component of effective leadership in that, without good followers, the leader’s work is difficult and cumbersome. The role of the follower is many times understated. As illustrated by Kelley (1998), â€Å"effective followers are thinkers; energetic and assertive, self-starters, independent problem solvers, and carry out their tasks with these characteristics (p. 143). Effective followers also are characterized by their ability to perform tasks withRead MoreEffective Leadership And The Leadership Essay1316 Words   |  6 Pagesreport will investigate on the effective leadership and the need for the leaders to lead from behind and put others in front in the occurrence of nice things and to take the front line when there is a danger. The quote means that leadership should be a collective activity where the leader understands all his followers and includes all of them in his leadership activity. Through the years, leadership has been ou tlined in many means. Northhouse (2010) quoted that leadership is â€Å"a process whereby an individualRead MoreLeadership And Leadership : Effective Leadership1257 Words   |  6 Pagesus knowledge of how effective leadership can provide positive ways to influence others in order to accomplish goals. Managers could use trait leadership perspectives to become better leaders. As a leader, motivating your employees is key to an organizational structure. Leadership is a process which commences by following. Skill set born with or learned. As a follower one can learn and improve in their performance to be an effective leader. According to the text, leadership influence can be locatedRead MoreEffective Leadership And The Leadership Essay1398 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION: - This report will investigate on the effective leadership and the need for the leaders to lead from behind and put others in front in the occurrence of nice things and to take the front line when there is a danger. The quote means that leadership should be a collective activity where the leader understands all his followers and includes all of them in his leadership activity. Leadership is defined as a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a commonRead MoreEffective Leadership922 Words   |  4 Pagesemployees and the communities they serve. In order to be effective, leaders must constantly strive to create a work environment conducive for team unity and collaboration (Llopis, 2012). Good leaders pride themselves on being visionaries with the ability to lead by example. They have a charismatic gift to inspire and encourage others to work together to meet a common goal (Bateman and Snell, 2009). Contrary to what some believe, leadership is a shared vision. It involves accepting feedback fromRead MoreEffective Leadership : An Effective Leader1420 Words   |  6 PagesEffective leadership is not something you come across very often. Leadership can be defined as ‘the ability to inspire confidence and support among the people who are needed to achieve organizational goals’ (Dubrin, 2010, p. 2-3). Finding someone who fits the idea of being an effective leader can difficult. In fact, Myatt (2013) argues that many leaders in our world think they are leaders, however, he states that ‘not everyone can or should become a leader’ (para. 1). In a group of three, we hadRead MoreEffective Leadership2033 Words   |  9 PagesAn effective leader can be described as one who has the ability to inspire, influence and motivate people to achieve constructive change (Pierce Newstrom 2008). Zand (cited in DuBrin, Dalglish Miller 2006) further suggests that knowledge, power and trust are the three forces that contribute most to effective leadership. In assessing Gerry Harvey’s effectiveness as a leader, we have critically analysed his strengths and weaknesses in each of these areas by examining his leadership style, traitsRead MoreEffective Leadership : A Effective Leader973 Words   |  4 PagesLeadership is a process of continuous learning and increasing leadership effectiveness requires understanding, reflection, and the application to the appropriate subject matter. To become an effective leader, one should strive to enhance their skills and abilities associated with applying new data, information, and ideas object ively and subjectively. Even though everyone in the world has in their possession some sort of leadership characteristics and attributes, not everybody is set out to makeRead MoreEffective Leadership : The Effective Leader998 Words   |  4 PagesI find the statement â€Å"The effective leader today must be a director and motivator, implementer and innovator, mentor and team builder, expert and moral force, organizer and developer of people† (2015, p.61), to be both accurate and realistic. One reason I believe this to be the case is because of the number of individuals who have been able to facilitate these roles on their way to being considered successful leaders. One example being Vince Lambardi. While the story told of him in textbooks by WillieRead MoreDefinition Of Effective Leadership And Leadership1487 Words   |  6 Pagesto say in regards to leadership and those in positions of leadership. The Bible tells us that leaders are to lead with integrity and values that govern the heart. â€Å"So he shepherded them according to the integrity of his heart, and guided them with skillful hands.† (Psalm 78:72 NKJV) Unfortunately, that is not the practice of many in leadership, often leaders operate with a public set of values that differs from that of their private life. The definition of effective leadership has changed from character

The Life Of Jesus Christ And Paul The Apostle - 3824 Words

The Life of Jesus Christ and Paul the Apostle The Survey of the New Testament course covered a vast amount of material. A person with no knowledge of the Bible could absorb a wealth of sacred information. Jesus Christ and Paul the Apostle covered a great amount of material in the New Testament. Throughout this paper, I discuss the life of Jesus Christ and the life of Paul the Apostle and their extraordinary missions they accomplished that led to faith in Christianity. The Life of Jesus Christ Jesus Christ had a remarkable life with a mission to spread the good word of God. A few of Jesus’ apostles wrote historical gospels of Jesus’ life; some of this information includes His beginning, His teaching, His sacrifice, and His resurrection. In the Beginning The Bible contains scripture and prophecy of Jesus before and after His birth. In the beginning, some of historical topics included His genealogy, His learning, His baptism, His test, and His declaration as the Messiah. Jesus birth Virgin Mary conceived the Son of God by the Holy Spirit while engaged to Joseph the son of David. An angle came to Joseph and explained Mary’s conception through the Holy Spirit; and told him to take Mary as his wife, and he must name the baby boy Jesus. The prophecy of Jesus’ virgin birth was in the New International Version, Isaiah 7:14, â€Å"the virgin will conceive and give birth to a son† and in Luke 4:21 this prophesy fulfilled. Prophecy was foretold in Micah 5:2, of Jesus’Show MoreRelatedThe Resurrection Of Christ Jesus1211 Words   |  5 PagesResurrection of Christ Jesus according to the Apostle Paul† The example in the Gospels can express many examples of resurrection which delivers a strong message In the New Testament. The term resurrection by Webster definition explains, â€Å"Life, raising from the dead.† The Greek defines it as, â€Å"A standing up again, recovery.† John 11:25 explain Jesus speaking to Martha concerning her Brother Lazarus’s death. He says, â€Å"I am the resurrection, (standing up again), and the life (breath), he whoRead MoreLeadership Styles : Jesus As A Servant Leader914 Words   |  4 PagesLeadership Styles Jesus as a Servant Leader Leadership from a Christian perspective focus on theological expositional, worship facilitation and communication skills. Many leadership styles pass over the one role model Jesus Christ, who should be the main focus of any leadership style. The focus of growth on each individual and their achievements and full potential distinguishes servant leadership from all other leadership styles. The service of the followers is the main concern of the servantRead MoreBaptist Theological Seminary : Apostle Paul And His Message On Grace1426 Words   |  6 PagesLiberty Baptist Theological Seminary Apostle Paul and His Message on Grace Dexter Tomblin L25979163 NBST 520 Dr. Dale Marshfield December 07, 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS Thesis............................................................................................................................ Methodology............................................................................................................................ Outline.........................................Read MoreBackground . The Book Of Acts Or The Acts Of The Apostles1523 Words   |  7 PagesActs of the Apostles is also referred to as the Book of the Holy Spirit or just the Acts of the Holy Spirit because of the numerous cases it portrays the work of the Holy Spirits. Acts present the work of the Holy Spirit as the life line of the Church. It is important to remember that, in the previous gospel books, Jesus had lived, Jesus had died, and he had risen and ascended to heaven. At the time of his ascension, Jesus promised to send the helper; the Holy Spirit. The disciples of Jesus continuedRead More Apostle Paul Essay1212 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The disciples of Jesus Christ were faithful to record the words and actions of the Lord. Through His actions and character, Jesus Christ influenced history. Jesus Christ was crucified, died, and resurrected, which changed world history as we know it. He told his disciples He would die and on the third day he would be resurrected. Jesus died to pay the sin debt of the world. The Lord led a sinless life, but was the one who took on the sins of the world. There is no other person whoRead MoreAnalysis Of Paul Pleas With The Corinthians1333 Words   |  6 PagesPutting pen to paper, Paul pleas with the Corinthians to better themselves through Christ Jesus. While in discourse with the Corinthians, the polemic language of Paul becomes, at times, difficult to digest. While pursuing a better relationship with the believers in Corinth, the apostle often used terms such as ‘we,’ ‘our,’ and ‘us.’ These pronouns can be understood in multiple ways; however , the manner in which they are comprehended sheds light on Paul’s agenda. In the analysis of 2 Corinthians 4:Read MoreEssay on Forgiveness and Sin1092 Words   |  5 Pagesregulations that many Jewish Orthodox follow to this very day. Next, in the supreme act of love, God sends His Son, Jesus Christ, to die for mans sins in a final act of forgiveness. Both of these acts are seen through the life of a single person, the essential founder of the Protestant faith and one of the primary founders of Christianity through the ages - the Apostle Paul. Paul was raised as a Roman Jew from Tarsus known as Saul. He was a free born Roman citizen who was circumcised on the eighthRead MoreThe Life And Writings Of Paul Essay1313 Words   |  6 PagesThe life and writings of Paul Paul the Apostle, also known as Saul of Tarsus, is one of the most important figures in the New Testament. A man who dedicated his life into persecuting Christian later converted and became the person who wrote more books than any other writer in the New Testament (Picirilli 2). Paul did not start his life the same as the person he was at the end, he was neither a Christian nor a supporter of Christianity. The initial life of Paul was rugged and hard. He was raised asRead MoreThe Apostle Paul And The New Testament1425 Words   |  6 PagesWritings of the Apostle Paul populate the canon of the New Testament. The rawness and earnestness found within spring from the pages igniting a wonder in the reader of who Paul the Apostle was. Paul went to great lengths to spread the name of Jesus and one cheers anxiously from the sideline waiting to see if he ever gets the upper hand. Attacked, insulted, beaten, discredited, and victimized are just a few adjectives that could describe daily life for Paul. He becomes a model of devotion and fervorRead MoreJournal Article Critique Of John G Pauline Cosmic Christology And Ecological Crisis Essay1103 Words   |  5 PagesSelected Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 Introduction The redemptive doors that Jesus Christ opens and gives us as a fallen creation are crucial toward who He is. The sacrifice upon the cross is critical to our association with Jesus Christ. Overlooking the installment of sins upon the cross, Jesus Christ still holds lordship over the universe. Jesus Christ is still God regardless of the possibility that we tend to overlook it. It is His qualities of affectionate love

Adam Smith Questions Free Essays

Which of he following does Adam Smith advocate? †¢The pursuit of self-interest ? According to Adam Smith in a ‘laissez faire’ economy each member will try to pursue and maximize his own self-interest †¢Import of restrictions to protect the domestic market ? Adam Smith believes in a free market economy and would disapprove of restrictions, even in the name of protection. †¢Private armies to protect the domestic market ? /? Adam Smith advocates the protection of the domestic market through an army, though I doubt he mean’s a private army. I believe he only supports an army that is owned and controlled by the public/the citizens. We will write a custom essay sample on Adam Smith: Questions or any similar topic only for you Order Now †¢A legal system to safeguard internal peace and justice ? Adam Smith supports the ‘laissez faire’ system which states that the government or state should interfere as little as possible in the trading activities between people, as that would only harm trade. †¢Government subsidies for the transport of infrastructure ? Adam Smith see’s this as another duty of the government to grant subsidies for the sake of transport and infrastructure. 2. What, according to Adam Smith, is the driving force of the economy? Adam Smith defined the factors of production as land, labor and capital. He also said that the economy was made up of individual transactions, and that buyers and sellers were looking out for their own self-interest, which was the driving force of every economy. Smith posed the idea of competition as well, and the â€Å"Invisible Hand† theory which dealt with competition, self-interest and protecting the consumer from government intervention. 3. Show how individuals who pursue self-interest may†¦ a)contribute to general economic prosperity(success); How to cite Adam Smith: Questions, Papers

Knapp free essay sample

A review consists of an auditor performing analytical procedures and inquiries to provide a reasonable basis for obtaining limited assurance. In a review, the auditor does not give an opinion on the financial statements. He/she merely looks over the statements for any material misstatements or modifications that need to be made. Contrarily, in terms of the level of assurance, during an audit an auditor obtains a high level of assurance, expresses an opinion on accuracy and level of assurance, and tests for misstatements and the client’s internal controls. 2. The occurrence assertion is very important, especially in this case, to ensure that the financial statements of a company faithfully represent actual transactions, assets, and liabilities of the company. There were certain limitations of the evidence gathered by the procedures performed in the ZZZZ Best case with regard to the assertion of occurrence: a. Confirmations- The information obtained through George Greenspan’s confirmation seems invaluable to me based on the fact that the confirmation was only sent to Tom Padgett, especially since Tom Padgett was paid by Minkow to confirm contracts. Even though there was no way for Mr. Greenspan to know that Mr. Padgett was being paid off, I believe that he should have found more valuable information through his confirmations by sending them out to more than one person involved in the company. b. Analytical Procedures- According to the case, the analytical procedures Mr. Greenspan performed included: comparing ZZZZ Best’s key financial ratios with industry norms and inspecting key documents pertaining to the jobs contracted. Assuming that these are the only two procedures performed prior to audit planning, I do not think that there were enough analytical procedures performed to identify potential problem areas. There are five steps to be performed when completing analytical procedures: 1. Develop an expectation, 2. Define a significant difference, 3. Compare expectations with recorded amounts, 4. Investigate significant differences, and 5. Document steps. It appears that Mr. Greenspan did not complete all of the necessary procedures and should further his analytical inquiries on ZZZZ Best. A red flag that I noticed, and could have been investigated with appropriate analytical procedures, was the sudden jump in revenues. Under the develop an expectation step in analytical procedures, the auditors/engagement partner could have compared current year account balances to previous year balances (vertical and horizontal analysis) and noticed the rapid increase of revenue from 1984-1987, which would raise questions that might have lead to the discovery of the fraud earlier on. c. Visitation of Restoration Sites- It is hard to elaborate on the limitations of the physical visit to the restoration sites due to the fact that everyone who the auditors made contact with were paid off and part of Minkow’s scheme, and they had no way of knowing. However, I think, like Congressman Lent drew attention to, the auditors could have gathered and investigated the site for permits and questioned workers they came in contact with about what happened to the site for it to need repairs from damage. The auditors may have gotten different answers from different workers, raising a red flag. It also would have been beneficial to make a surprise visit instead of calling ahead. 3. The client receiving payments does not prove the existence of contracts. It may have appeared that ZZZZ Best received payments from customers on paper, but Mr. Greenspan probably should have more thoroughly followed up on those transactions by calling a â€Å"customer† to verify the transaction or looked at bank statements to see where different deposits came from. It seems especially important to pay close attention to receivables considering that there is a high risk associated with a receivables’ existence/occurrence. Seeing as how Minkow devised schemes with third parties, it would not be surprising if someone like Tom Padgett was also posing as a customer (another reason looking at deposits and account numbers would be beneficial). 4. The purpose of predecessor-successor audit communications is to reduce the risk of accepting a client with problems, and to determine whether or not to accept a potential client. The prospective/successor auditor is responsible for initiating contact with the predecessor auditor, as long as the audit client grants its approval to communications. The information that should be obtained from the predecessor auditor includes: information on management’s integrity, disagreements with management on accounting principles, fraud/illegal acts by the client, significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in internal controls, and reasons for the change in auditors (AU Section 315). 5. Yes, the confidentiality agreement that Minkow required Ernst Whinney to sign improperly limited the scope of the ZZZZ Best audit. The stipulation of the confidentiality agreement that stated â€Å"We will not make any follow-up telephone calls to any contractors, insurance companies, the building owner, or other individuals involved in the restoration contract† definitely restricts the auditors from performing certain procedures that are necessary. According to AS 5, â€Å"If there are restrictions on the scope of an engagement, the auditor should withdraw from the engagement or issue a disclaimer of opinion†. Auditors are responsible for gathering enough evidence to support an opinion on the financial statements, and Ernst Whinney should have used their professional judgment to notice that, with the stipulations in the agreement signed, there would not be enough evidence to satisfy the matter of sufficiency. 6. No procedures are required when reviewing a client’s pre-audit but post-year-end earnings press release.

Investigation Of International Financial -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Investigation Suitable Of International Financial? Answer: Introduction The issue that has been presented in the question is that the Singapore Accounting Standards Council (ASC) announced that the Singapore-incorporated companies would be moving to a amended reporting framework in regards to the recording of the financial particulars that is similar to International Financial Reporting Standards for the financial years starting from 1st January 2018. The adoption of the IFRS has become an important step in the accounting world. The adoption has continued to grow from the financial year of 2005. The factors enhancing the implementation of the IFRS revolve around the facts that these accounting principles improve the quality of the financial statements, enhances the reliability, relevance and the comparability of the financial statements (Albaskri, 2015). However, there are certain areas that should be considered in determining the worthiness of the International Financial Reporting Standards. The particular way in which the International Financial Reporting Standards are applied differ from one country to another. This is primarily because the different countries have different regulations that may be adhered to while preparing the financial statements of the company. Thus, the major drawback of the accounting regulatory principles lies in the fact that the suitability of the IFRS is poor resulting in the corrupted organizations exploiting the financial position of the company by not representing the true and fair view of the company (Altarawneh, 2015). The second aspect of the regulatory principles that affect the integrity of the International Financial Reporting Standards is revenue recognition. The current standard of the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles reflect that the costs associated with the transactions will only be realized when the services have been delivered in real or the money in regards to the transaction has been received. This particular regulation has resulted in some of the software companies to prepare the contracts in a way that carve out and upgrade the prices separately along with the other services whose value is difficult to ascertain. This enable the companies to resolve the accounting problems but result in the manipulation of the accounting standards that influence the way in which business is done rather than focusing on the performance of the company, that is the primary motive behind the preparation of the accounting statements. The limitations of the revenue recognition system in regards to the implementation of the International Financial Reporting Standards have resulted in the companies to increasingly utilize the corrupted and unethical practices for the purpose of reporting the financial performance of the company. The multinational companies and firms that share a worldwide reputation can evidently support this fact (Dhankar, Chakladerb Guptac, 2015). These firms have stated the fact that the compliance with the traditional accounting guidelines established by the International Financial Reporting Standards have resulted in the measurement and the recognition of the revenues and the expenses that have restricted the scope in the true and fair view of the representation of the financial statements of the respective companies. However, the global standard setting body has acknowledged this particular problem and has brought about a change in the International Financial Reporting Standards and Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. The new accounting regulations will permit the companies to bundle the services and goods pertaining to the future, into contracts for the recognition of the revenue in the particular financial year that it is earned by the utilization of the estimations in regards to the future costs and revenues. However, it should be noted here that this particular change would not be able to eliminate the problems, completely. The estimation of the costs requires the executives of the company to exercise their judgment. This opens up the opportunity for the managers to make errors or commit fraudulent activities like making fake inclination in the annual reports of the companies that represent closure towards the achievement of the financial targets of the companies (Hitz, Kaumanns Lehman n, 2016). The unofficial measures that have been undertaken by the corporate entities for the treatment of the unofficial earnings like the financial component of Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. The drawbacks of the International Financial Reporting Standards have also resulted in the major discrepancies in the accounting statements of the respective organizations (K?l?a Uyarb, 2017). Another problem with the International Financial Reporting Standards is that the managers and the investors for the determination of the value of the assets of the firm do not properly utilize the fair value accounting principles. The fair value accounting standards also provide the required scope to the managers and other administrative executives of the firm to commit fraudulent activities like the understatement or the overstatement of the revenues or the losses for representing the desired image of the firm (K?l?a Uyarb, 2017). Therefore, it is evident that the principle-based financial statements are much more susceptible to fraud. However, the adoption of the new financial reporting framework by the Singapore-incorporated companies should aim to utilize the IFRS standards as the fundamental foundation for the establishment of the same (Samujh Devi, 2015). References Albaskri, I. K. (2015). The perception of accountants on IFRS adoption: Evidence from Libya (Doctoral dissertation, Universiti Utara Malaysia). Altarawneh, M. S. S. (2015). An Investigation into the Suitability of International Financial Reporting Standards for Small and Medium-sized Entities (IFRS for SMEs) in Jordan (Doctoral dissertation, Liverpool John Moores University). Dhankar, R. S., Chakladerb, B., Guptac, A. (2015). Implementing IFRS from the perspective of public sector banks in India. Hitz, J. M., Kaumanns, S., Lehmann, N. (2016). Identifying consequences of mandatory IFRS adoption: The role of selection effects. K?l?a, M., Uyarb, A. (2017). Adoption process of IFRS for SMEs in Turkey: Insights from academics and accountants. Accounting Management Information Systems/Contabilitate si Informatica de Gestiune, 16(2). Laswad, F., Redmayne, N. B. (2015). IPSAS or IFRS as the Framework for Public Sector Financial Reporting? New Zealand Preparers Perspectives. Australian Accounting Review, 25(2), 175-184. Samujh, H., Devi, S. S. (2015). Implementing IFRS for SMEs: Challenges for Developing Economies. International Journal of Management and Sustainability, 4(3), 39-59.

Different Parenting Styles

Introduction This paper seeks to undertake a research on different parenting styles and how they affect growth and development of adolescent children. The purpose of this research is to indicate aspects relating to parenting and their subsequent impact on behavior in adolescents.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Different Parenting Styles specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Parenting is both an art and a science as it seeks to offer emotional and physical support to an infant from the onset of childhood until their maturity into adulthood. These infants are dependent on their parents until they reach a stage where they are self reliant and self sufficient (Harper, 2012). Parenting is a key aspect in the family life as it engages nurturing young child to be adults based on pre-determined norms and values. There is no particular formula for good parenting as it entails acquisition of a variety of skills rangin g from flexibility, perceptiveness, patience and high levels of personal discipline. These skills are vital to ensure that as an adolescent child undergoes behavioral changes, the parent is in a position to anticipate and control the adolescent’s behavior. Significance of the study The adolescent period of development refers to a stage that every human being has to undergo. However, adolescent children undergo a variety of developmental changes that require parents to understand their behavior to easily accommodate them. Some of the changes which the children go through revolve around emotional, biological, mental and social changes, which require them to adapt to changing situations. The purpose of this research is to enable parents understand how to apply the right kind of parenting style on children undergoing adolescence. It further seeks to highlight and discuss different parenting styles to facilitate smooth relationships between parents and their children during this p eriod of their lives. Literature Review The literature review highlights previous insights that have been advanced by scholars in the past relating to parenting. Parenting styles refer to approaches regarding childbearing based on aspects of control (degree of parental control) and responsiveness (often referred to as parental warmth). This section analyzes the major types of parenting styles and further looks into suggested styles that have been attributed to successful adolescent upbringing. Development in adolescent children is influenced by a variety of factors, mainly parenting (Rankin, 2005).Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Parenting Styles The major types of parenting styles include authoritative, authoritarian, permissive and uninvolved parenting. Different stages of child development demand for a style of parenting that is appropriate to that situation. Furthermore, different cultural and ethnic settings impact the kind of style applied by parents. More often than not, past experience (relating to how parents were raised) may negatively or positively impact how parents raise their adolescent children. Below is a discussion of the types of parenting. Authoritative parenting Authoritative parents generally exercise a level of parental warmth despite eliciting strictness. They encourage their children to become self reliant and independent. They are willing to engage in dialogue with their children to determine the best way forward for both parties. Despite allowing children to contribute to decision making, parents are clear on their boundaries and children understand that the overarching responsibility of discipline lies on their parents (Sigelman and Rider, 2011). Adolescent children from such families are socially empowered and are in a better decision to develop social relationships better. Furthermore they are more competent as they exercis e a level of independence and responsibility. Adolescent children from this style have the notion that their parents value their emotions. This makes authoritative parenting a democratic style of parenting (Sigelman and Rider, 2011). Authoritarian parenting Authoritarian parents demonstrate a lot of parental control, however their warmth towards their children is demanding. They invoke a feeling of ‘I am the boss’ around their children due to the fact that whatever they say goes and should not be discussed. They set their own standards and expect their children to strictly adhere to them without question or referral. This is however not the best style of parenting to be applied on adolescents as such children may end up being rebellious as they desire to be independent. The disadvantage of this style of parenting is that it over-estimates the value of discipline and forgets to highlight the importance of independence and self reliance, which is vital for maturity of an adolescent child (Bjorklund and Blasi, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Different Parenting Styles specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Permissive parenting Permissive parents are passive; they are gullible to their adolescent children’s demands. They fear disappointing their children and end up saying yes to all their demands. They do not view themselves as major contributors towards decisions made by adolescent children. They sit back and allow nature to take its course. As a result, adolescents growing up in such settings are not used to disciplinary action and lack respect for rules and regulations. Adolescent children in such families have issues with exercising self control and are usually used to having their way. The result is depression and anxiety in the event that things do not work their way (Schaffer and Kipp, 2009). Uninvolved parenting This is one of the most unfortunate types of parenting. The word is simple, the parents are uninvolved. They make no contributions to decision making on matters that influence adolescent children’s lives. They basically have an ‘I do not care attitude’ that allows children to do whatever they want. They neither exercise any form of control nor display any kind of affection towards their children. In this case, parents do not spend quality time with their children and this negatively impacts children at the adolescent stage. Most parents involved in this style of parenting have misplaced priorities and are usually pre-occupied in other activities which they hold in high regard at the expense of their children. Some of the activities that such parents may be involved in include drug abuse, crime and addictions to alcohol. Adolescent children in this kind of setting end up being very reserved and have problems establishing social relations. Communication is also a challenge and they have impulsive behaviors ( Brooks, 2000). Previous research on parenting styles A proper balance between the degree of control and warmth (or responsiveness) should be established to raise a child properly. Different stages in child development call for the application of a different style of parenting. Among the listed parenting styles highlighted above, developmental psychologists have cited that the authoritative style of parenting is the best for raising adolescent children in a manner that ensures wholeness and desired positive development. This is due to the fact that such children end up understanding the importance of self reliance and are nurtured towards being independent.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Despite the adherence to standards and rules, such children understand the importance of these rules and the relevance of the same. They do not simply follow regulations blindly; rather, they understand the rationale behind existence of standards. However, psychologists have equally cited that an adolescent’s behavior may determine the kind of parenting style applied by parents. If the child is responsive, obedient and accommodative, parents are likely to exercise authoritative parenting. Irresponsible, de-motivated and uncooperative adolescents may end up having parents who are either uninvolved or authoritarian and usually have poor self esteem. As a result, they engage in drugs and are often suicidal (Mruk, 2006). Research questions and hypothesis Research questions are the guiding principles of the research. They seek to provide answers to objectives of the research. The research question to be employed in this study is: What is the impact of parental styles to adolescent behavior? The variables that are under study comprise of independent and dependent variables. The dependent variables are behavior, growth and development of an adolescent child. The independent variable is the parenting style applied. Null hypothesis Parental styles have no significant impact on adolescent behavior. Alternative hypothesis Parental styles have a significant impact on adolescent behavior. Research Method For this kind of research, a quantitative method will be applied and hypothesis used to test the validity of the research. The use of quantitative research supports the establishment of a relationship between one variable (independent) and another variable (dependent). It requires numerical analysis to understand underlying motives and provide objective evidence to describe patterns in elements comprising the population. Quantitative research supports inquiry into a specified problem and thereby goes on to use statistical techniques to provide meaning to the data co llected (Prunckun, 2010). Reasons for use of quantitative research The research will incorporate the use of quantitative research due to the fact that the research will be more objective and logical. The aim of this research is to develop generalizations to enable the researcher understand cause and effect including occurrence of phenomena. The method to be applied is experimental which will entail true experiments characterized by random assignment of population elements to different situations. This is because raising adolescents occurs in a variety of different environments hence the need to test each of the reactions based on the parenting style being applied. Research design A research design is a detailed plan of how the research will be conducted according to the nature of data required in order to investigate the research hypotheses or questions in an economic manner. The research design presents the determination and approach for the study. It entails defining the populatio n, sampling, procedures, measures, ethical protection of participants and tests of validity (Kothari, 2007). Population The population forms a group of people or objects which are similar in one or more ways and which form the subject of study. From the population, the sample will be selected. For the purposes of accuracy, speed, depth of information and costs involved, a sample will be drawn from the population residing in neighborhoods in Boston. Sampling Having identified the target population as families in Boston, inferences will be made from the findings that will equally be used as a reference to other enterprises. According to Kothari (2007), a sampling frame is the list of a group or a cluster which forms the basis of the sampling processes where a representative sample is drawn for the purpose of research. The sample frame defines the units from which the sample will be drawn. The sampling technique employed was random stratified sampling. In as the elements had a known ch ance of being selected for the purpose of research. Procedures This section highlights the treatments, conditions and interventions. For this particular research, the treatment will be the specific situations in which the group or elements under study are exposed to. In this case, the elements are in a family setting and observation expects to highlight day to day activities and how the respondents relate to each other. For this research, introducing a condition will imply putting the parent and child in a position where they are required to make a decision to demonstrate their level of control and demand. Introducing a need for decision making affects behavior and parenting style applied. Interventions are defined to assist in keeping the research back on track. In the event of issues like failure to communicate effectively, the intervention would be instrumental in encouraging the use of proper communication channels to facilitate interaction between the elements. This reiterates the importance of communication (Devore, 2006). Measures To measure degree of control, the research intends to use defined scales. The scale is designed in a manner that defines levels in terms of total or full control, medium control, minimal control or no control at all. This will be observed through decisions made, chores assigned and feedback given by adolescent children under study. This scale is specific to this particular study. Temperament levels among adolescents will be measured to examine how they react to situations when dealing with their parents. Validity of the research The validity of the research determines the extent of acquisition of accurate results. The questionnaires must be tested for reliability and validity on a small sample before being administered in the field. The questionnaire is tested for biasness and the leading questions are identified and eliminated or rephrased. The researcher should emphasize the purpose of the research to the respondents. Validi ty is equally raised on matters relating to sample size. The sample size must be representative to allow making of generalizations which are inclusive. If the sample is inappropriate, the results of the findings will be inaccurate. Role of the researcher The researcher will be actively involved in administration of the questionnaire. This is to facilitate clarifications in the event of ambiguous questions which the respondent is challenged. The questionnaire will be designed in a way that eliminates the possibility of leading questions, therefore bias will not occur. The role of the researcher will be to continuously answer queries and provide guidance to respondents in the event that they encounter challenges. The researcher must possess problem solving skills and have a good grasp of the knowledge area under study. The researcher should uphold objectivity and always rely on factual evidence to reach to conclusions. The researcher is responsible for providing the findings of the re search without concealing any information. Sample Size The sample size intended for the study is a total of 150 elements due to the fact that the sample needs to be sufficient and representative. This is due to the fact that the sample is homogenous in terms of age and practices hence making it all inclusive. The choice of this sample was influenced by restrictions on time and cost which negated the possibility of a larger sample. Sample and Context The sample will take into consideration certain characteristics of the population. The age of adolescent children being observed will be between the ages of 13 to 19. The genders to be examined include both male and female. Ethnic background will include American and Black American settings. Educational levels will incorporate all levels of education to facilitate an inclusive sample. Sampling Procedure The choice of sampling method implies that the division into strata was to be based on area of residence. To further advance this techni que, convenience sampling due to the advantage of human choice will be used. The research attempts to obtain a sample of convenient elements having determined their ethnic differences. The researcher will interact with the respondents based on house visits and observation of parental routines. Door to door visits in random neighborhoods will be conducted. Data type and Collection The method to be employed by this research to collect data from the samples is questionnaires and observation. Primary data will be collected using a structured questionnaire that will seek to answer questions on demographics. The reason for choosing the use of a questionnaire was due to the fact that it is cost effective. They are also easy to analyze in terms of data entry and tabulation despite its familiarity to most people. Furthermore, the researchers own opinions do not influence the respondents answers as there are no verbal and visual clues hence making them unbiased. The experiment will use the ob servation method. The reason behind choosing observation is due to the fact that the researcher has no influence on the behavior of the variables (Haslam and McGarty, 2003). Data Analysis The questionnaires will be analyzed together with the interviews to determine the variability of the data collected. Data will be analyzed and consolidated to analyze deviance among the variables. The information gained about the interdependencies can be used later to reduce the set of variables in a dataset. Data will be evaluated and represented by use of bar charts and pie charts to represent influences of parental styles on adolescent behavior. The data will be represented in the form of pie charts, graphs and tabulations showing ratios. The analyzed data will provide ratios that determine the validity of the null and alternative hypothesis. Observation of the elements will be undertaken by a research assistant and thereby provide summaries based on checklists which will be consolidated into gr aphs and charts to determine correlations between the dependent and the independent variables. Ethical protection of participants Parents and adolescents that form part of sampling elements under study may be unwilling to disclose information regarding their relations with their parents. One major consideration is to make the results of the findings known to these parents as well as make public the recommendations without bias and exposure of respondents. Respondents’ contributions should be treated in confidentiality. Furthermore, the purpose of the research should be revealed to the respondents. Respondents will be assured that the information they provide will be strictly used for the basis of research and not be provided to third parties. Lastly, the results of the findings must be communicated to the respondents appropriately and made public to interested stakeholders. References Bjorklund, D. F., Blasi, C. H (2011). Child and Adolescent Development: An Integrated Appro ach. California, USA: Cengage Learning. Brooks, J. (2000). Parenting. USA: Mc Graw-hill. Devore, D. M. (2006). Parent Child Relations: New Research. New York, USA: Nova Science Publishers. Harper, L. (2012). Parental Proverbs for Instructional Living. Xlibris Corporation. Haslam, A. S., McGarty, C. (2003).Research Methods and Statistics in Psychology. London: Sage Publications Ltd. Kothari, C. R. (2007). Research Methodology – Methods and Techniques. New Delhi, India: New Age International Publishers. Mruk, C. (2006). Self-Esteem, Research, Theory and Practice. New York, USA: Springer Publishing Company. Prunckun, H. (2010). Handbook of Scientific Methods of Inquiry for Intelligence Analysis. United Kingdom: Scarecrow Press, Inc. Rankin, J. N. (2005). Parenting Experts; Their Advice, the Research and Getting it Right. California. USA: Praeger Publishers. Schaffer, D. R., Kipp, K. (2009).Developmental Psychology: Childhood and Adolescence. California, USA: Cengage Learning. Sigelman, C.K., Rider, E.A. (2011). Life Span Human Development. California. USA: Cengage Learning. This research paper on Different Parenting Styles was written and submitted by user Allan Powers to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How Women Have Been Kept In Their Place †Theology Essay

How Women Have Been Kept In Their Place – Theology Essay Free Online Research Papers How Women Have Been Kept â€Å"In Their Place† Theology Essay Ever since Adam and Eve were expelled from Paradise, misogyny has been a central part of all cultures. It has been argued that men used this myth to become more powerful than women, and that they have come up with other reasons to remain on top. For example, male scientists have proved that men are superior, and the Church has condemned women for witchcraft and as being â€Å"lustful allies of the Devil who wean men from God† (Kitzinger, 1). There are many more ways in which the patriarchy has kept women â€Å"in their place,† many of them cruel and some even deadly. What I will show is that these methods could not be effective unless they were supported by religion. Since humanbeings has appeared on the surface of the world, they have to worship. This is a need. As a result, religion is old as the world. Religion is very important for people, so religious objects, prophets and holy places have a big importance who believe in them. Also, statements in the holy books are very valuable. In many holy books, there are statements that make men superior against women.For instance, according to a hadith, the Prophet Muhammad states that, as he stood at the at the gate of hell, he observed that, ‘Most of those who entered there were women.’Not only in Islam,but also in Christianity these kind of statements are accustomed. Martin Luther says that, ‘If they (women) become tired or even die, that does not matter. Let them die in childbirth, that’s why they are there.’As it seen, there are many harsh words against women . Woman is the one, who gives birth to a child. She also is the one who brings up her child with her magical emotions. They are sacred creatures. Nature gives them that power. Men, who are afraid of this power, always used religion . They want to control women. In order to control women, in many societies, women is still being tortured. In that kind of societies , men want women to sit ‘in their place’. They only want them to give birth to their children and men want women to serve themselves. They also use women for their needs. Whenever they want , men can have their meal ready. If they are angry men can use women to relieve themselves. In addition to these men can have sex whenever they want. When they are acting like this woman doesn’t have a value as a human and a mother. In many societies, in order to control women, there are many traditions. For instance, in India, women are wanted to commit sati after their husband’s death. Sati is a horrible tradition. According to this tradition, if a woman’s husband die, she have to throw herself into the fire. She has to do it without thinking now that, she is taught that she is living for her husband. After her husband dies, there is no reason for her to live. This tradition reveals that society sees woman as nothing without her husband. It is a clear proof of horrible applications are being done in order to control women. In Islamic cultures, people are more connected to religion. It can be seen clearly owing to the fact that, religious rules are being used in social life. It is predictable that in these cultures, there are many strict rules to control women. Also in that kind of societies, misogyny is a big trouble. Women and men are not equal. In these conservative societies, men are claiming that they are superior than women. They say these according to Islam. Every year many women is being killed on account of the fact that, they are being seen with a man, who is not their relative. It is a big offence. Women also has to wear special clothes that cover their body, except their eyes, from the head to the wrist. If a woman shows her face from the window she also be killed. These examples are very little near the other rules. Women is being killed because of ‘not sitting in their place’. Thousands of girls and women accros the globe (mostly in the middle East) are murdered in the name of family honor. Their male relatives kill them freely and they say that it is a ‘honor killing.’ It is more saddening that men who commit the murder go unpunished or receive reduced sentences. Women are taking many punishments all over the globe mostly in the conservative societies, whereas men can live freely. This is revealing many facts about controlling of the women. It is obvious that, women and men not have equal rights.In an article published Friday 27 August 2004 in the Germany-based internet newspaper Iran Emrooz, Dr. Hoseyn Baqer Zadeh, an Iranian human rights activist, observed that the laws of the Islamic Republic are the ‘most inhuman, segregationist, insulting and discriminatory’ against women.’While, according to Islam-based laws, a woman accused of adultery faces capital punishment, a man can have several wives and commits adultery wtihout punishment’, he observed. Dr. Hoseyn Baqer Zadeh’s statements, reveal the unequality more clear. Another dreadful tradition is the female circumcision. This tradition is widespread in Egypt and most of the Islamic countries. The operation is very painful. Also, there is a high probability of infection after circumcision. By this meaningless operation, women’s sex life is dead. The aim is to prevent premarital sex. This horrible tradition is the another evidence of men’s want of controlling women. Dr. Mawaheb Mouelhy, who has been fighting to stop ‘female genital mutilation’ states that, ‘Religion is not the number one reason.’ Despite this statement, some people think that, this tradition has a religious backround. This taught make it easy to use religion for controlling women. It is obvious that most of the terrorists has come from conservative societies. Misogyny is widespread in conservative cultures. Mohammed Atta, the terrorist involved in the September 11 crime against humanity, left behind a surprising will. He sternly warned against women being present at his funeral or at his grave at any later date. This want of Mohammed Atta reveals his misogynist culture more clearly. In misogynist cultures, women means devil. Imam Ibn al-Jawzi taught that female beauty was a manifestation of the devil himself. In his text ‘Dhamm alhawa’, he wrote that the ‘beauty of women is one of the poisoned arrows of the devil’. It is no wonder , therefore, why Islam teaches that hell is largely populated by women. In the roots of misogyny, there is a fear of men from women. Men are afraid of women to have a social life. To sum up,it is being tought that men are using the myth of Adam and Eve to be superior against women. They think that they have to prevent women to join social life. It is being argued that, men doesn’t want women because of the fear of losing their places on top. Men want women to stay at ‘their places’. They want to use them as machines, only for providing their needs and wants. To have what they want, men always used religion.Also,men are effected by religion. Religion have a big role in people’s life because of this men’s methods ,to be superior, has become more effective. It is clearly seen that, tortures to women, will go on till men give up the want of being superior. Religions will always exist. 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